Etics

Corrections and Retractions Policy

The journal may publish corrections or issue retractions in cases of ethical misconduct, in accordance with international standards of academic publishing and COPE guidelines.

Published content constitutes a permanent scholarly record. Therefore, any post-publication modification must be duly justified, transparent, and traceable, avoiding the removal of original versions.

Decisions regarding corrections or retractions are made by the Editorial Committee, based on verifiable evidence and prior communication with the authors.

Types of modifications

  • Correction (Erratum or Corrigendum): applied when minor errors (formal issues, authorship, metadata, or references) are identified that do not affect the conclusions of the work.
  • Clarification or Editorial Note: issued when it is necessary to contextualize or explain aspects of the article that may lead to misinterpretation without invalidating its results.
  • Retraction: issued in cases of serious ethical breaches, such as plagiarism, data manipulation or fabrication, duplicate publication, or undisclosed conflicts of interest.

Procedure

Potential irregularities may be identified by authors, the editorial team, or readers. In all cases, the Editorial Committee will assess the situation and, when appropriate:

  • publish a correction or retraction notice directly linked to the original article;
  • notify the authors, granting them the opportunity to respond;
  • maintain the article available with clear indications of its status (e.g., “corrected” or “retracted”), in order to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.

In cases of retraction, a visible notice explaining the reasons for the decision will be published and linked to the affected article. The original document will not be removed but clearly marked.

When there are reasonable concerns but insufficient evidence for retraction, the Editorial Committee may issue an Expression of Concern while the case is under investigation.

In serious cases, the journal may inform the relevant institutions, in accordance with COPE recommendations.

Preservation and traceability

All versions of articles —original, corrected, or retracted— will be preserved in the journal’s digital archive, properly identified and linked to each other, ensuring their preservation, accessibility, and traceability.

Authorship policy
Authorship is granted to those who have made substantial contributions. All authors must approve the final version and assume responsibility for its content. Honorary or ghost authorship is not accepted.

Frequency of publication per author

In order to promote diversity of authorship and avoid the concentration of contributions, the journal establishes that the same author may not publish more than one article per issue. Likewise, the journal will seek to avoid publishing contributions by the same author in consecutive issues.

Research ethics
Authors must declare compliance with ethical research standards, including informed consent and the protection of sensitive data when applicable.